3.2 Enthalpies, entropies (solid and liquid state) – free energy and entropy of mixing The heats of formation of six solid Pb-Bi alloys have been measured at 400 K in a liquid lead …
Lead–Bismuth Eutectic (LBE): A Coolant Candidate for Gen. IV Advanced Nuclear Reactor Concepts. Jinsuo Zhang, Corresponding Author. Jinsuo Zhang. Department of …
1. Introduction. Owing to appealing neutronics, thermohydraulic, thermo-physical properties and high neutron yields, heavy liquid metals (HLMs), especially liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE, Pb 44.5 Bi 55.5, wt%), are promising heat-transfer fluids and spallation target materials for use in Gen IV fast neutron spectrum reactors and …
1. Introduction. Lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) is widely regarded as a promising coolant for accelerator-driven sub-critical systems in Generation IV nuclear reactors, owing to its low melting temperature, high boiling temperature, satisfactory thermo-physical properties, excellent gamma shielding, neutronic properties, and chemical …
Lead-bismuth eutectic alloy (LBE; 45% Pb, 55% Bi) melts at 125 °C and does not boil until 1670 °C, making it an ideal heat-transfer medium for application in thermal solar power [3].
As-received liquid lead–bismuth eutectic is studied by cycling temperature. • Electrochemical oxygen sensor measures the dissolved oxygen concentration in-situ.. A new oxide is found in the bulk near the oxygen saturation limit at 200 – 400 ° C.. Addition of nickel and iron reveals the oxide is hematite forming from magnetite.
1. Introduction. Lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) with liquid lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) coolant is one of the most attractive Generation IV nuclear systems due to the high level of inherent safety, excellent sustainability and proliferation resistance [[1], [3], [2]].However, one of key limitations of design and application of LBE coolant systems is …
1. Introduction. The lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE), composed of lead and bismuth, has potential promising in development of nuclear power, which has been proposed as one of Generation IV reactor system [1, 2].LBE has a weak neutron absorption and slowing ability, enabling reactors to have better fuel multiplication and waste …
Keywords Lead–bismuth eutectic, Microstructure, Mechanical properties, Re-melting, Solid phase 1. Introduction Lead-Bismuth eutectic (LBE) with 44.5 Pb and 55.5 wt.% Bi alloy is considered as a coolant for fission reactors and receives extensive attention owing to its good properties (Ref 1-3). On the one hand, small capture cross section of ...
Among different heavy liquid metals (HLM), lead (Pb) and lead–bismuth eutectic (Pb–Bi) composed of 44.5 wt% Pb and 55.5 wt% Bi are considered as the potential candidates for both the liquid metal spallation neutron source and the coolant of critical and subcritical (accelerated driven) reactors of a new generation [2], [3]. Information ...
Lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE), a heavy liquid metal, is an ideal candidate coolant material for Generation-IV fast reactors and accelerator-driven systems (ADSs), but LBE is also known to pose a … Expand. 1. Highly Influenced. 1 Excerpt; Save. Vitrification of lead–bismuth alloy nuclear waste into a glass waste form.
The accumulation of 210Po generated by neutron-irradiated lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) is a noticeable issue for the radiation protection of the generation-IV reactor. In this study, FISPACT-2007 was used to simulate the activation of 210Po in neutron-irradiated LBE. The specific activity of polonium-210 was measured by α spectrometry …
1.. IntroductionThere are many good properties to foresee LBE (lead bismuth eutectic) both as spallation target and as coolant in a future accelerator driven system …
Liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is an important candidate to become the primary coolant of future, generation IV, nuclear fast reactors and Accelerator Driven System (ADS) concepts. One of the main challenges with the use of LBE as a coolant is to avoid its oxidation which results in solid lead oxide (PbO) precipitation. The chemical ...
Keywords Lead–bismuth eutectic, Microstructure, Mechanical properties, Re-melting, Solid phase 1. Introduction Lead-Bismuth eutectic (LBE) with 44.5 Pb and 55.5 wt.% Bi …
1. Introduction. Lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is a coolant candidate for the lead-cooled fast reactors (LFRs) because of its inherent chemical inertness, excellent thermophysical and spallation neutron properties [1], [2], [3], [4].However, the compatibility of structural materials, especially for thin-walled components such as fuel cladding, with …
Nuclear Science (2015) Handbook on Lead-Bismuth Eutectic Alloy and Lead Properties, Materials Compatibility, Thermal-hydraulics and Technologies (2015) Edition, OECD-NEA, No. 7268.
Lead-bismuth-eutectic (LBE) is one of the preferred transmutation targets and coolants for the fourth-generation nuclear reactors. There are complex and interactive factors affecting the flow control of LBE in high temperature operation, which makes it difficult to trace the quantity-value of a lead–bismuth-eutectic electromagnetic …
Liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is an important candidate to become the primary coolant of future, generation IV, nuclear fast reactors and Accelerator Driven System …
Liquid lead–bismuth eutectic alloy is one of the candidate coolants for fourth-generation nuclear power systems because of its good physical and chemical properties, neutron economic performance, and safety. However, the compatibility between the coolant and structural steel is still the main factor restricting its large-scale industrial …
The understanding of flow and heat transfer characteristics of liquid lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) is essential for nuclear applications. In this paper, a corresponding experimental facility was established and a set of experiments of heat transfer of lead–bismuth eutectic flow in a circular tube was carried out, and a new …
A Ti 48.5 Al 46 Cr 3 Nb 0.5 Mo 2 alloy was designed and fabricated to investigate its corrosion resistance to static liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE). The microstructure and corrosion behavior of un-oxidized and pre-oxidized samples were compared. The results show that LBE preferentially penetrated into the alloy along the …
The electrical conductivities of Bi--BiI/sub 3/ solutions were measured above the consulute temperature over the entire composition range. The specific conductance increases continuously and monotonically with increasing metal composition, for example, at 500 deg C the increase is from 0.32 for pure BiI/sub 3/ to 7,170 (ohm-cm)/sup -1/ for the metal.
Uniaxial creep of the 316L austenitic steel is studied in static oxygen-controlled lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) with an oxygen content of 10 −6 wt. % decreasing to 10 −11 wt. % and in air at 450–550 °C. Dissolution of the steel components (nickel, iron and chromium) in liquid metal with a following formation of a depletion zone and ingress …
Lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is a kind of liquid metals with the advantages of high heat transfer capability, high boiling point, strong natural circulation ability, and stable chemical properties. It is a good candidate as the coolant for the marine reactors and other special moving environments. In the past decades, researchers focus a lot on ...
Compatibility of cladding material with lead–bismuth eutectic at temperature higher than 650 °C is one of the most crucial issues for feasibility of lead–bismuth-cooled fast reactors with ...
The accumulation of ^210Po generated by neutron-irradiated lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) is a noticeable issue for the radiation protection of the generation-IV reactor. In this study, FISPACT-2007 was used to simulate the activation of ^210Po in neutron-irradiated LBE. The specific activity of polonium-210 was measured by α spectrometry …
Low Prandtl number convection of an axisymmetric turbulent lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) jet discharged into a heated confined geometry using large eddy simulation is investigated. The Reynolds number based on jet centerline velocity and jet diameter is Re = 44,706. The results demonstrate some features of liquid metal that deviate from those …
Lead-Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) fast reactor [], as one of the internationally recognized fourth-generation advanced nuclear energy systems, has potential advantages in the field of small reactors and nuclear fuel recycling.With the intensification of energy and environmental protection problems, the supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO 2) Brayton …
The solubility limits of the main metallic elements in pure lead, in the Pb–Bi eutectic (LBE) alloy and in pure bismuth, given by the literature are gathered in Table 1. Usually, the solubility limit of a metallic element X in the liquid metal is obtained by the dissolution in the liquid metal of a X metallic sample. Table 1.
1. Introduction. Lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) can be considered as a promising core coolant for lead-cooled fast reactors (LFRs) because of its low vapor pressure, good thermal conductivity, relative chemical inertness and high neutron yield [1], [2], [3], [4].The prerequisite associated with deploying LBE as an LFRs coolant is how to …
T1 - Evaporation of polonium from lead-bismuth eutectic nuclear coolant. AU - González Prieto, Borja. N1 - Score=30. PY - 2015/6/18. Y1 - 2015/6/18. N2 - The neccessity of finding a suitable solution for the disposal of radioactive waste has led to a growing interest in the last few decades in the development of accelerator-driven …
Lead, lead-bismuth eutectic, and other metals have been proposed and occasionally used.The lead-cooled fast reactor is a nuclear reactor design that features a fast neutron spectrum and molten lead or lead-bismuth …
Semantic Scholar extracted view of "A comprehensive study on neutronics of a lead–bismuth eutectic cooled accelerator-driven sub-critical system for long-lived fission product transmutation" by H. Yapici et al.
Introduction. Lead-bismuth Eutectic (LBE) is a prominent candidate coolant for Lead-cooled Fast Reactors (LFRs) and Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS) due to its favorable thermal and physical properties (Zhang, 2014).However, the compatibility of structure material (e.g., stainless steel) with LBE is one of the key issues for design and …
@article{osti_977676, title = {Lead-bismuth eutectic as advanced reactor collant : operational experience}, author = {Woloshun, K A and Watts, V and Li, N}, abstractNote = {Some proposed advanced reactor concepts would be cooled by lead or lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE). An LBE test loop was designed and built at Los Alamos …
which led to very extensive research and development of the coolant technology and materials, with ... lead, lead-bismuth eutectic alloy and sodium is also given in the …
Introduction Lead bismuth eutectic (LBE, 44.5 mass% Pb 55.5 mass% Bi) is a candidate material of coolant for LBE-cooled accelerator driven systems (ADS) and fast breeder reactor (FBR) [1,2]. Understanding of thermal properties and flow behavior of the LBE are crucial for design and safety analysis of such ADS and FBR facilities.
