Maria Arienti
Platinum: Gold: Mercury (element) Thallium: Lead: Bismuth: Polonium: Astatine: Radon: Francium: Radium: Actinium: Thorium: ... Chromium is a chemical element; it has symbol Cr and atomic number 24. ... Chromium is a member of group 6, of the transition metals. The +3 and +6 states occur most commonly within chromium compounds, followed by …
Platinum-Group Element, Chromium, and V anadium Deposits in Mafic and Ultramafic Rocks R. G RANT C A WTHORN, S TEPHEN J. B ARNES, C HRISTIAN B ALLHAUS, AND K RESHIMIR N. M ALITCH
The very properties of platinum that had made it so hard to work with became valued and platinum was used for lab equipment, and other applications where its broad chemical resistance was required. Johnson Matthey perfected the techniques of separating and refining the platinum group metals and in 1879 Matthey produced a standard metre …
Importantly, the Bushveld Complex contains >80% of the Earth's known chromium resources (Cawthorn, 2010) ... as well as Cu-Ni and platinum-group elements (PGE) mineralization (PGE zones A, B …
General Chromium Information : Chemical Formula: Cr : Composition: ... with metallic elements other than the platinum group : Dana Group : 01.01.12.01 Chromium Cr I m3m 4/m 3 2/m : 01.01.12.02 Chromferide Fe3Cr1-x (x=0,6) P m3m 4 ... Original Rockhounds Discussion Group
The Merensky-type platinum deposits occur as thin, continuous layers of sulphide- and chromite-bearing silicate rocks anomalously enriched in the platinum group elements (PGE; Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt ...
Request PDF | Mineral processing: leaching process of chromium and recovery of platinum group elements from Northwestern Saudi Arabian Ophiolitic chromite | The current strategy reports the ...
Chromium is extracted from chromite ore. Chromite is an oxide mineral composed of chromium, iron, and oxygen (FeCr 2 O 4).. Companies in South Africa supply chrome ore from the lower and middle group chromitites of the Bushweld complex and from the upper group chromitite seam (UG2) in addition to platinum group minerals.
Junge, M., Oberthür, T. & Melcher, F. Cryptic variation of chromite chemistry, platinum group element and platinum group mineral distribution in the UG-2 …
The Bushveld Complex lies within the north-eastern portion of South Africa (Fig. 1) and occurs near the middle of the Kaapvaal Craton (Cawthorn et al., 2002b; Clarke et al., 2009).It is the world's largest layered mafic intrusion and is part of the Paleoproterozoic Bushveld Igneous Province (Walraven et al., 1990), and is renowned …
A platinum group elements (PGE) mineralization dominated by Ir-Ru-Os is also recognized in the chromitites, which has its mineralogical expression in abundant inclusions of Os-Ir alloys and ...
There are enough platinum group element deposits in the Bushveld Complex in South Africa to supply world demands for many decades or even a century using current mining techniques. Demonstrated reserves and resources published by mining companies make detailed calculations up to a maximum of about twenty years ahead, but there is …
©2005 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc. Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume pp. 215–249 Supplement to Platinum-Group Element, Chromium, and Vanadium Deposits in Mafic and Ultramafic Rocks R. …
Major primary platinum group of metals, nickel, and chromium deposits occur mostly in greenstone belt and mafic to ultramafic host rock. The significant examples are: Bushveld intrusive (South Africa), River Valley, Sudbury (Canada), Volkovsky (Russia); Stillwater PGE intrusive (USA); and Sukinda–Nausahi (India). Stratiform (Fig. 2.28)
The distribution of platinum group elements (PGE) displays the high (Os+Ir+Ru)/(Rh+Pt+Pd) ratio typical of ophiolitic chromitites and, consistently, the platinum group minerals (PGM) encountered are mainly Ru-Os-Ir sulfides and arsenides. Textural relations of most of the platinum group elements suggest crystallization at magmatic …
The platinum-group minerals of the middle group of chromitite layers in the Marikana area. of the western Bushveld are mainly sulfides and arsenides. Laurite is the most common platinum-. group ...
Platinum-group element and gold enrichment in soils monitored by chromium stable isotopes during weathering of ultramafic rocks Author links open overlay panel Javier Rivera a, Martin Reich a, Ronny berg b, José María González-Jiménez c, Fernando Barra a, Thomas Aiglsperger d, Joaquín A. Proenza e, …
Another major groups of deposits in the mafic layered complexes are platinum group elements and chrome deposits but unlike copper nickel massive sulfides they don't form as puddles on the floor of the intrusions they form in discrete layers well up in the magma chamber. The PGE's that's platinum palladium, rhodium with less …
The major deposits of platinum-group elements (PGE) of the Earth are associated with ultramafic and mafic igneous rocks. The bulk of current PGE production is extracted from narrow stratiform horizons referred to as reefs located in the lower to central portions of large layered intrusions and is dominated by the Bushveld Complex in South …
Abstract Podiform chromitites, a part of Nidar ophiolite complex from the Indus Suture Zone (ISZ), southeast Ladakh, host significant platinum-group elements …
Publication Subtype. USGS Numbered Series. Title. Focus areas for data acquisition for potential domestic resources of 11 critical minerals in the conterminous United States, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico—Aluminum, cobalt, graphite, lithium, niobium, platinum-group elements, rare earth elements, tantalum, tin, titanium, and tungsten. …
For the chromium-rich, highly oxidized ore from Panton Sill deposit in Australia, poor recoveries were obtained using conventional xanthate ... Platinum group metals (PGMs), including palladium ...
Key Highlights: Eureka Zone, where disseminated, magmatic sulfide minerals contain potentially economically recoverable nickel – copper – chromium – cobalt – platinum group elements over ...
The Bushveld Complex hosts the bulk of global resources of platinoids or platinum-group elements (PGE), namely about 68 and 39 % of the world's platinum and palladium, respectively (Vermaak 1995), and also vast resources of chromium contained in the chromitites of the Critical Zone and vanadium found in magnetite layers of the Upper …
Abstract Podiform chromitites, a part of Nidar ophiolite complex from the Indus Suture Zone (ISZ), southeast Ladakh, host significant platinum-group elements (PGE) and platinum-group of minerals. These high Cr chromitites are found to be enveloped within the dunite rocks in the form of massive, semi-massive and stringers …
Platinum-group element and gold enrichment in soils monitored by chromium stable isotopes during weathering of ultramafic rocks Author links open overlay panel Javier Rivera a, Martin Reich a, Ronny berg b, José María González-Jiménez c, Fernando Barra a, Thomas Aiglsperger d, Joaquín A. Proenza e …
Chromium as a new element was first isolated from crocoite (PbCrO4) in 1797 by Louis Nicolas Vauquelin, professor at the School of Mines in Paris. Soon after, chromium was identified as the major constituent of a new mineral of the spinel group now known in mineralogy as "chromite" (Fe2+Cr2O4). In the mining industry, the term "chromite ...
The chromian spinel in high-Al chromitites in Dongbo pods Cr-3, Cr-4, and Cr-5 are quite different from chromian spinel in the high-Cr chromitites, and variable within the group. For example, the average Cr# of chromian spinel in Cr-3 is 34, that of Cr-4 is 11, and that of Cr-5 is 47 ( Table 4 ); the Mg#s vary from 59.8 to 85, and the TiO 2 ...
The 2050 Ma old (Scoates and Friedman 2008) Bushveld Complex in South Africa is the largest layered mafic-ultramafic intrusion on Earth and contains the largest resources of platinum-group elements (PGE) on Earth as well as economically important reserves of chromium and vanadium (Von Gruenewaldt 1977; Vermaak 1995; Zientek …
