Iron- and steelmaking is the largest single industrial CO 2 emitter, accounting for 6.5% of all CO 2 emissions on the planet. This fact challenges the current …
Agglomeration of iron concentrate powder and rich iron ore powder is realized by iron ore sintering and pelletizing. (1) In iron ore sintering, the iron ore powder, flux, fuel, substitute material, and return fines are made into a mixture with a certain mix ratio, into which an appropriate amount of water is added.
The benchmark system to establish iron ore prices was abandoned after many years in 2010. Instead, the use of spot prices has increased and new systems based on indexes have been introduced. It seems as if iron ore prices in the first year after the discontinuation of benchmark negotiations were largely determined on the one hand by …
The possible use of low-grade phosphorus-containing iron ore (LGPIO ), a raw and wasted industrial solid material as an adsorbent to remove Cu (II ) ion from wastewater, was investigated. Studies were carried out as a function of initial pH value, adsorption time, initial Cu (II ) ion concentration, adsorption temperature and LGPIO …
It can be seen from Tables 1 and 2 that the blend with high iron grade has a high content of FeO (14.51 wt.%) because it consisted of 70 wt.% magnetite concentrate and 30 wt.% fine ore. The coke breeze has high fixed carbon content (83.37 wt.%) and low volatile matter content (1.57 wt.%). 2.2 Methods. The double-layer sintering process is …
Iron Ore Exploration In India: A Personal Perspective. News and Notes. Published: 07 August 2021. Volume 97, pages 961–962, ( 2021 ) Cite this article. Download PDF. Abhijeet Mukherjee. 54 Accesses. Explore all metrics.
High alumina and silica content in the iron ore affects coke rate, reducibility, and productivity in a blast furnace. Iron ore is being beneficiated all around the world to meet the quality requirement of iron and steel industries. Choosing a beneficiation treatment depends on the nature of the gangue present and its association with the ore …
The high production of iron ore in Brazil leads to the generation of large amount of iron ore tailingsIron ore tailings (IOTs). Usually, this wasteWaste is disposed of in dams, but this choice offers environmental and security problems. ... Publisher Name: Springer, Cham. Print ISBN: 978-3-030-05748-0. Online ISBN: 978-3-030-05749-7. …
Optimization of sinter ore allocation is a key step in the steel production process, which has become the most important measure for steel enterprises to effectively reduce cost, improve quality, save energy and reduce emissions. In this paper, the first intelligent recommendation model for the sintering dosing scheme considering cost, …
An 0.8 g mixture of iron ore and calcium oxide (CaO) was compressed at 10 Mpa to form a single 8 mm diameter tablet. In order to ensure sufficient liquid formation during the sintering process, the basicity of the mixture was established at 4.0 in this study. ... Publisher Name: Springer, Cham. Print ISBN: 978-3-030-36539-4. Online ISBN: 978 …
After the beneficiation of iron ore, the waste is generated, which arise many environmental issues for both living and nonliving components. Iron ore tailings are a byproduct of the mining and processing of iron ore, and their potential use as a replacement resource is the emphasis of this study. The purpose of this research is to …
As the emission control regulations get stricter, the NOx reduction in the sintering process becomes an important environmental concern owing to its role in the formation of photochemical smog and acid rain. The NOx emissions from the sintering machine account for 48% of total amount from the iron and steel industry. Thus, it is …
In the present work, Gua Indian iron ore has been chosen for aluminous effect for physical properties such as cold compressive strength and tumbler index. The effect of alumina is expressed with the help of microstructure analysis and phase grains density of silicate, hematite, and magnetite, and pore phases present in the structure of …
Abstract. In iron making process, sintering of iron ore fines is an integral step to utilize not only the ore fines but also to introduce a part of flux (limestone and dolomite) along with the sinter in blast furnace burden. In this way, the productivity of the furnace considerably improves. In this paper, some fundamental aspects such as the ...
To investigate the feasibility of co-sintering of fluxed iron ore with magnetite concentrates, the mineralogical properties of a novel fluxed iron ore were studied using particle size analysis, microscopic morphology characterization, and X-ray diffraction Rietveld analysis. Following that, the experiments for granulation performance and basic …
Benzene is a typical component of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the iron ore sintering flue gas. The combustion behavior of benzene directly affects the emission of VOCs in iron ore sintering process. The effects of temperature, benzene, and oxygen concentrations on the conversion ratio of benzene were investigated by experiments and …
The size of the iron ore pellet was approximately 12–15 mm kept. Than the prepared pellets was dried in an oven at 108 °C for 4–5 h. These dried iron-ore pellets were fired at 1200 °C for 6 h using a high temperature muffle furnace. Finally, fired pellets were kept in desiccators for further reduction tests.
A model of iron ore sintering was built with consideration of fuel combustion, catalysis of sinter mixture as well as formation of melt and mineral, which was verified via sintering pot tests and showed a good fit to the experimental results. The effect of bed depth on temperature was reflected by the residence time in high-temperature zone, rather …
The iron ore sintering process is the second largest energy consuming process next to the blast furnace in overall integrated steel plant value chain. Sintering consists of two moving beds, namely a sintering machine, and an annular cooler. Once the sintering is completed, hot sinter is discharged on the annular cooler and air is blown …
The estimated reserve base is 100 billion tonnes of contained iron (230 billion tonnes of crude ore). Resources exceed 800 billion tonnes of crude iron, with an iron content of over 230 billion tonnes. ... Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative Publish with us. Policies and ethics. Search. Search by keyword or ...
Using the Eq. ( 6) and the slope of (Δp) 2 −t curves, the contact angle of six iron ore particles can be calculated, and are shown in Table 3. From the Table 3, it can be seen that the contact angles of the six iron ore particles are so different, for the biggest reaches at 78.16° and the smallest is 32.09°.
The upgrade of iron formations (IF) to hypogene high-grade iron ore (> 65 wt.% Fe) depends on circulation of large volumes of hot reactive fluids. Multiple deformational events create favorable conditions for recurrent mineralization and the formation of large deposits, with the opening of fluid pathways, enhancing quartz …
Optimizing the microwave parameters adopted in microwave-assisted mechanical mining is of great significance to improving the efficiency of the deep resource development. The effects of varying the type of microwave antenna, microwave power, and working distance on the reflection coefficient and heating characteristics of Sishanling …
Mauritanian iron ore powder (OM) has advantages of high iron grade, low aluminum content, and low loss on ignition, which can be used as a new mineral to replace low alumina limonite that has been exhausted in Australia. However, it will have a certain negative impact on sintering because of its high SiO2 content. The mechanism of SiO2 …
J Iron Steel Res Int 19(6):1–5. Article CAS Google Scholar Kapur PC, Kapur P, Fuerstenau DW (1993) An auto-layering model for the granulation of iron ore fines. Int J Miner Process 39(3–4):239–250. Article CAS Google Scholar Gan M, Fan XH, Ji ZY, Chen XL, Yin L, Jiang T, Huang YS (2015) Optimising method for improving granulation ...
Physical and Chemical Properties of Raw Materials Used in the Test. The iron ore concentrate used in the experiments is a high-grade, low-silica magnetite concentrate with the iron grade 69.65%, SiO 2 content 1.69%, and the FeO content 29.35%. In order to analyze the suitable flux for producing low-silica basic pellets, two …
To study the interaction between iron ore and magnesium additives, several types of interaction couples were prepared and SEM–EDS was used to measure the diffusion distance of Mg 2+.Results showed that prolonging the roasting time was beneficial to the diffusion of Mg 2+ in the iron ore. When the basicity (CaO/SiO 2) of iron ore …
Iron ore fines are produced during the mechanized extraction of iron ore, but a significant portion of these fines remains unused and is discarded. Moreover, the quality of iron ore is progressively deteriorating. ... in 6th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, ed. by T. Jiang, et al. (Springer, Cham, 2015), p ...
Abstract. The application of Raman spectroscopy, utilizing a HyLogging™ automated core-scanning platform, to map the iron ore and gangue mineralogy in banded iron formation drill core and hematite-rich, detrital iron deposit ore was tested as a demonstration of the potential of this technique for rapid, in situ mineralogical mapping.
The iron ore used in this experiment was obtained from Hejing, Xinjiang Province, China and was crushed and grounded to −2.0 mm. the iron ore is composed …
The global demand for iron and steel continues to increase yearly, driven by industrial and economic development. 1 However, the production of high-grade iron ore is declining, so most of the iron ore used in smelting steel is low grade and requires mineral processing. This process produces large amounts of IOTs, which are a major …
Iron ore handling, which may account for 20–50% of the total delivered cost of raw materials, covers the processes of transportation, storage, feeding, and washing of the ore en route to or during its various stages of treatment in the mill.. Since the physical state of iron ores in situ may range from friable, or even sandy materials, to monolithic …
The world produced an estimated 3.32 billion tonnes of iron ore during 2015 (Footnote 1 US Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, January 2016).The fact that generation of tailing is about 10–15% of ore [] indicates that more than 0.3 billion tonnes of tailings are generated annually leading to increasing amount of waste.Tailings …
Iron ore sintering is the iron ore powder agglomeration process that changes fine iron ore powder into the lumpy iron-bearing raw material used for blast furnace ironmaking. High-temperature process and addition of alkaline flux will improve metallurgical performance of iron-bearing raw material. Besides, the sintering process will consume …
In iron ore sinters and pellets, the identity and quantity of the bonding phases are of particular importance as they influence the strength and reducibility of the …
This study used Landsat 8 (OLI/TIRS) to map iron ore deposits around the Niger–Benue River Confluence in Nigeria. Radiometric calibration was used to improve the quality of the remotely sensed image. Band ratioing and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to identify the iron ore mineral deposits. While a geological map was …
These iron oxide wastes cannot be reused in their own plants as their particle sizes are not suitable any more for natural gas DR route of either MIDREX which treat iron ore pellets of size 9–16 mm and can accept only 5% from the feed to be from the size 5–9 mm or HYL ENERGEON that treat Iron ore pellets of size greater than 5 mm [].Thus …
14 rowsIron ore is regarded as the second most important commodity behind oil. As an essential input for the production of crude steel, iron ore feeds the world's largest trillion …
