Using waste gypsum as a raw material for CO 2 mineral sequestration has recently become a hot research topic. ... Accordingly, more water needs to be evaporated in the production of ammonium sulfate fertilizer, thereby leading to high energy consumption. The effect of mass ratio of water to phosphogypsum on this pressured …
Gypsum (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O) is a natural mineral. It is, however, also well known as a by-product (co-fertilizer material) of technologies producing phosphate fertilizers (Parrish and Ogilvie 1939; Kongshaug et al. 2000), technologies used for the production of TiO 2 (Gázquez et al. 2014), and others.From the "non-chemical" purposes, …
Material Balance of ammonium sulphate production - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. describes in detail the material balances on various parts of ammonium sulphate .
The production of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from FGD gypsum demonstrated that sulfur resources can be recovered through recycling (Chou et al., 2005). 3.3.4. Composite material. The preparation of composite materials by synergistic utilization of different substances and FGD gypsum is another focus of current research.
Costs for constructing and operating a conceptual plant based on a proposed process that converts flue gas desulfurization (FGD)-gypsum to ammonium sulfate fertilizer has been calculated and used to estimate a market price for the product. The average market price of granular ammonium sulfate ($138/ton) exceeds the rough estimated cost of …
Conversion of FGD-gypsum to ammonium sulfate were tested at temperatures between 60 to 70°C for a duration of five to six hours. The results of a literature review and preliminary bench-scale ...
Filtrate circulation was used to leach desulfurization gypsum, and the filtrate after recycling was used to recover ammonium sulfate by evaporation crystallization (Eq. (2–3)). Factors and levels of leaching experiments for desulfurization gypsum and carbonation experiments for Ca 2+ leaching solution were listed in Table 2, Table 3. Do …
The present invention includes a partially continuous countercurrent process for converting gypsum, by reaction with ammonium carbonate, to products of ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate by introducing the reactants into reactors, mixing the reactants for a predetermined amount of time, employing a novel combination of …
@article{osti_430286, title = {Manufacture of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from gypsum-rich byproduct of flue gas desulfurization: A prefeasibility cost estimate}, author = {Chou, M I.M. and Rostam-Abadi, M and Lytle, J M}, abstractNote = {Costs for constructing and operating a conceptual plant based on a proposed process that …
The use of gypsum showed economic viability to maximize crop grain production in a long-term NT soil with a sufficient level of exchangeable Ca (>= 8 mmol(c) dm(-3)) and low levels of exchangeable ...
to develop a more economic method for the production of ammonium sulfate. There are types of naturally occurring gypsum: natural gypsum and selenite that have a high potential in produc-ing ammonium sulfate (Blaney and McCord 1995; Kandil et al. 2017; Chou et al. 2005). Selenite is used in the metal-
Good agricultural production results have a significant impact in Indonesia as an agricultural country, ZA fertilizer has different characteristics due to the sulfur composition contained which has certain benefits. ... Then, in the CSTR reactor (R-01), the resulting ammonium carbonate will be reacted with gypsum to produce ammonium sulfate and ...
At PCI however, our ammonium sulfate is a proprietary patented product, made in the United States, for the primary purpose of providing Nitrogen & Sulfur to the agricultural industry. All PCI products are produced and maintained to the highest standard—from procurement & production at PCI to the application by the end user. Ammonium ...
Abstract. Phosphogypsum (PG) is an acidic by-product residue from the attack of phosphate mining by the sulfuric acid in order to produce the phosphoric acid. The production of one tonne of ...
@article{osti_370352, title = {Cost estimates for manufacture of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from gypsum-rich by product of the flue gas desulfurization}, author = {Chou, M I.M. and Achorn, F P and Rostam-Abadi, M and Lytle, J M}, abstractNote = {Under the United States Department of Energy`s Clean Coal Technology program, the 1990 …
Furthermore, ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), which is used as a fertilizer, can be prepared as a by-product when the carbonation reaction is performed using ammonia (NH3) as a base. In this study, recent progress in the carbonation kinetics and preparation of CaCO3 using FGD gypsum and phosphogypsum with NH3 was …
Another possibility is to use gypsum as a fertilizer; directly as a water suspension or a raw material for the production of other sulfur containing fertilizers, mainly in form of ammonium sulfate ...
There are sources of potassium sulfate approved for organic production. Manure is an excellent source of S, primarily in the organic form. The organic S from manure needs to be mineralized by microbes into the sulfate form before it is available for plant uptake. ... Ammonium sulfate (AMS), gypsum, and poultry litter had significantly …
Millions of tone of FGD-gypsum by-product may be produced in this decade as a result of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. In this research, bench-scale …
8.4.1 General1-2. Ammonium sulfate ([NH4]2SO4) is commonly used as a fertilizer. In 1991, U. S. facilities produced about 2.7 million megagrams (Mg) (3 million tons) of ammonium sulfate in about 35 plants. Production rates at these plants range from 1.8 to 360 Mg (2 to 400 tons) per year. 8.4.2 Process Description1.
@article{osti_370352, title = {Cost estimates for manufacture of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from gypsum-rich by product of the flue gas desulfurization}, author = …
Ammonium sulfate is produced as a byproduct stream and the rearrangement reaction stream. combining anhydrous ammonia and sulfuric acid sulfate is produced by reacting the ammonia Figure 2.2-1 shows the typical process flow each of the three primary commercial processes. ) Dryer may be rotary or fluidized bed type.
In certain regions, ammonium sulfate is produced from gypsum. Table of Contents 1. Properties of Ammonium Sulfate. Ammonium sulfate, having a molar mass of 132.14 g/mol, displays a density of 1.77 g/cm³ at 20 °C, along with an average specific heat capacity of 1.423 J/g·K within the temperature range of 2 to 55 °C. ... The utilization of ...
Ammonium sulfate is used as a fertilizer because it supplies nitrogen and sulfur for plant nutrients. It can be obtained by three processes: as recovery from coke oven, a by-product from caprolactum and gypsum process. Natural gypsum fulfills the demands of the cement industries and is used by farmers as a direct fertilizer for …
The main idea of this study originated from the Mersberg process, which was developed for the production of ammonium sulfate through a reaction between natural gypsum and ammonium carbonate [14]. In the early 1960s, the Tennessee Valley Authority studied the production of ammonium sulfate for use in ammonium …
Costs for constructing and operating a conceptual plant based on a proposed process that converts flue gas desulfurization (FGD)-gypsum to ammonium sulfate fertilizer has been calculated and used to estimate a market price for the product. The average market price of granular ammonium sulfate ($138/ton) exceeds the rough …
FGD-gypsum from Abbott power plant was used. The scrubber, a Chiyoda Thoroughbred 121 FGD, produced a filter cake (98.36% gypsum and < 0.01% CaSO{sub 3}). Conversion of FGD- gypsum to ammonium sulfate was tested at 60-70{degree}C for 5-6 hr. Yield up to 82% and purity up to 95% were achieved for the ammonium sulfate …
OF THE DISCLOSURE Ammonium sulfate is manufactured from gypsum by a 15 continuous process in which an aqueous flow of material is continously recycled along a …
It is often called the Merseburg process that the production of ammonium sulfate by gypsum. And there have been some researches on the conversion of waste gypsum, such as PG (Msila et al., 2016), red gypsum (Azdarpour et al., 2018) and FGD gypsum (Danielik et al., 2019). However, most of the current researches focus on the …
In this process, the attack of 2 tons of PR with sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) produces about 1 ton of phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4) and 5 tons of calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O) known as phosphogypsum waste (PG) [].Annually, the current production of PG worldwide is more than 250 million tons [].In Morocco, it exceeds 25 …
FGD-gypsum from Abbott power plant was used. The scrubber, a Chiyoda Thoroughbred 121 FGD, produced a filter cake (98.36% gypsum and < 0.01% …
Millions of tone of FGD-gypsum by-product may be produced in this decade as a result of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. In this research, bench-scale experiments were conducted to obtain process data for the production of ammonium sulfate from FGD-gypsum and to help evaluate technical and economic feasibilities of …
Production of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from waste gypsum Dr. Mahmoud Wazne (SIT) Dr Julie-Anne Hanna (QUB) November 18, 2009. Project DescriptionBenefits and advantages + + = Waste gypsum Waste carbon dioxide Ammonia Ammonium sulfate fertilizer • Waste products are used to generate a commercial …
The overall goal of this study is to assess the technical and economic feasibilities for producing marketable products including fertilizer-grade ammonium sulfate from gypsum produced as part of lime/limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD) processes. Millions of tone of FGD-gypsum by-product may be produced in this decade as a result …
The production of ammonium sulfate from gypsum has been studied in coal power plants to capture carbon dioxide (CO 2) from flue gas. Millions of tons of …
