The effects of attapulgite (ATP) addition (0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 wt %) on the microstructure, chemical composition, thermal stability, physical properties, mechanical properties, water absorption and abrasive wear resistance of walnut shell (WS) filled polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites were studied. ATP was blended with WS powder, …
Mineral ingredients such as ground silica and pumice. Blowing Agents – gas-generating chemical needed for sponge and microporous rubber. Release gas during vulcanization. Azo compounds and carbonates. Colorants – inorganic pigments or organic dyes. Must be stable, color-fast and inexpensive. Flame Retardants.
In order to apply attapulgite as a rubber filler, the hydrophobicity and balanced characteristics of attapulgite could be modified by grafting organic groups to control surface energy and dispersive interaction to improve compatibility of attapulgite in rubber matrix. The free energy of immersion could be calculated using the surface …
The results for curing characteristics, tensile properties, tear strength, hardness, crosslink density, rubber-filler interaction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction ...
The development of composite material based on attapulgite clay (ATP) as a filler and natural rubber (NR) matrices were prepared by combination of melt mixing …
11.25.1 Process Description1-4. Clay is defined as a natural, earthy, fine-grained material, largely of a group of crystalline hydrous silicate minerals known as clay minerals. Clay minerals are composed mainly of silica, alumina, and water, but they may also contain appreciable quantities of iron, alkalies, and alkaline earths.
@article{Tang2014EffectOA, title={Effect of Acid on Surface Properties of Modified Attapulgite and Performance of Styrene Butadiene Rubber Filled by Modified Attapulgite}, author={Qingguo Tang and Yang Yang and Fei Wang and Xiu Hong Liang and Fu Qiang Zhang and Jinsheng Liang}, journal={Nanoscience and Nanotechnology …
Recently, ball milling has been frequently applied in the filler production to enhance the filler-rubber interaction through refining the particle size (Beckert et al., 2014; Muttalib and Othman ...
The special nano channel structure endows natural attapulgite with high specific surface area (100.8–216 m 2 /g) (Wang et al., 2019) and satisfactory cation exchange capacity (Chen et al., 2007), which makes attapulgite a potential adsorbent for phosphate uptake.Since the earliest reports of its use as a phosphate adsorbent in 2006 …
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In this work mica or carbon black were used as filler in composites of acrylic rubber (ACM). The fillers differ not only in nature, mica being a mineral material and …
Rubber extrusion is a fundamental manufacturing process used to create continuous lengths of rubber with a variety of cross-sectional profiles. This versatile method allows for the production of complex shapes and configurations, making it an essential process for a wide range of industries, including automotive, construction, aerospace, …
Natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites were prepared in a double-roller plasticator mixer with purified attapulgite (PAT) or modified attapulgite, which was treated at 450°C (PAT-450) and 850°C (PAT-850) for two hours. The structures of the pristine, purified, and modified attapulgite were characterized by FTIR, TEM, XRD, and BET. The results …
The pristine attapulgite (Atta) was pretreated by thermal and acid activation process in order to improve the loading capacity of phase change material (PCM). A …
Natural rubber (NR)/attapulgite (ATP) composites was prepared via combination latex compounding and melt mixing. ... 381 â€" 387 383 Table 1. Milling process parameters. Milling process parameters Effect of ball to weight ratio Effect of ball mill sizes R3 R5 R7 SS MS LS Ball mill diameter (mm) 35 10 25 35 Ball to weight ratio …
As of 2021, Web of Science has retrieved relevant research results on phosphorus adsorption by attapulgite, as shown in Fig. 10. Although the first paper on the direct study of phosphorus adsorption by attapulgite was published in 2006, and the selectivity of phosphate adsorption onto attapulgite was 1000–3000 times that of …
After thermal oxidative ageing at 300 °C for 0.5 h, temperature for the 5% weight loss increased greatly from 385 °C of the neat silicone rubber to 396−399 °C with addition of NAPT and DAPT ...
The spectrum in Fig. 3 shows also the Si–O–Si bands (1300–650 cm −1), which confirms the silanization process of attapulgite of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane [21, 35, 36]. The …
Silicate attapulgite(AT)/Styrene Butadiene rubber (SBR) composites with excellent properties and low cost were first prepared from a direct blending process (including polymer melt blending and ...
In order to realize the high value-added resource utilization of solid waste and reduce the cost of rubber manufacturing, iron ore tailings (IOTs) were used as raw material to prepare a reinforcing filler of rubber through ultrafine grinding and surface organic modification techniques. We studied the effects of ball mill grinding conditions on …
3.2. Acid treatment of attapulgite. The acid treatment of the attapulgite was carried out under reflux system at the boiling point of the HCl solution for 6 h.The experiments were done with different HCl concentrations: 0.5 M, 1 M, 3 M and 5 M.. For each concentration, the obtained solution was filtered and the residue was washed with …
The performance change law of modified attapulgite filled ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber was investigated via the synergistic modification of silane coupling agent and titanate ...
The results showed that AT increased curing process of natural rubber. A significant improvement in the tensile strength, wearability, and solvent resistance of the …
9.2. Ratha J.P., Chakia T.K., Khastgira D. (2012) Development of Natural Rubber-Fibrous Nano Clay Attapulgite Composites: The Effect of Chemical Treatment of Filler on Mechanical and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Composites Procedia Chemistry 4 131 – 137. Rubber Technology Centre, IIT Kharagpur, India. 9.3.
A versatile approach was developed for the preparation of cross-linked attapulgite (ATP)-nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) nanocomposites or NBR grafted ATP nanorods, by facilely adjusting the feeding ratio between the butadiene-based rubbers and the thiol-modified attapulgite (ATP-SH) nanorods in a facile thermal-triggered thiol–ene interfacial click …
Materials Science. Attapulgite was firstly purified and modified by silane coupling agent KH-570,and then silicone rubber (SR)/organic-attapulgite (OAT) nanocomposites were prepared in a two-roll mill.Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the modification of AT.The ...
The composition and pyrolysis kinetics of granulated (0.6–0.8 mm) scrap tire rubber (TR) were assessed using thermogravimetry (TG). Data on rubber composition revealed that TG is a quick and accurate technique for determining TR composition. The TG tests with catalysts revealed that using alkali (K, Ca, and Mg) carbonates as catalysts ...
Development of Natural Rubber-Fibrous Nano Clay Attapulgite Composites: The Effect of Chemical Treatment of Filler on Mechanical and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Composites …
The rubber fillers used were reduced graphene oxide (RGO, N002-PDR, Global Graphene Group), graphene nanoplatelets (GNP, grade 4124, Asbury Carbon), multi-wall CNTs (MWCNTs, Graphistrength®, Arkema, Inc.), single-wall CNTs (SWCNTs, TUBALL™, OCSiAl Inc.), kaolin clay (Polyfil® HG90, Kamin®, LLC), attapulgite clay (Actigel 208 …
Natural rubber (NR)/attapulgite (ATP) composites was prepared via combination latex compounding and melt mixing. ... 381 â€" 387 383 Table 1. Milling …
the viscosity of rubber compounds, soft clay loading will have little effect on viscosity and thus offers a large improvement in the processing of rubber. Compare the extrusion rates of a hard clay-loaded formula vs. a soft clay loading: CLAY: THE ALL-PURPOSE RUBBER FILLER continued 2 PHR OF CLAY Extrusion Rate, cc/100 sec HARD SOFT 25 70 105 ...
A rubber compound contains, on average, less than 5 lbs. of chemical additives per 100 lbs. of elastomer, while filler loading is typically 10-15 times higher. Of the ingredients used to modify the properties of rubber products, the filler often plays a significant role. Most of the rubber fillers used today offer some functional benefit
Natural rubber (NR) nanocompositeswere prepared in a double-roller plasticator mixer with purified attapulgite (PAT) or modified attapulgite, which was treated at 450°C (PAT-450) and 850°C (PAT-850) for two hours. The structures of the pristine, ...
In order to apply attapulgite as a rubber filler, the hydrophobicity and balanced characteristics of attapulgite could be modified by grafting organic groups to control surface energy and dispersive interaction to improve compatibility of attapulgite in rubber matrix. ... (MDR-2000, Liyuan Electronic Chemical Equipment Co., Ltd., Wuxi, …
A type of PCA with bifunctional groups of alkoxy and hydrogen for the surface-grafting modification of ATP nanorods was synthesized from a silicone copolymer containing hydrogen groups P(DMS-co-MHS) (Fig. 1 a) and an SCA containing vinyl groups, TEVS (Fig. 1 b) via hydrosilylation.The former Si–H bonds were added across …
The development of composite material based on attapulgite clay (ATP) as a filler and natural rubber (NR) matrices were prepared by combination of melt mixing and latex compounding methods.
Attapulgite is a kind of chain/layered silicate mineral, which has one-dimensional channels in the structure and is needle-like in shape. It is widely used due to its special structure and properties. This paper briefly introduced the composition, structure, properties and resource distribution of attapulgite, then focused on the progresses in …
Materials Parts per Hundred (Phr) Palygorskite Clay 10% KOH Anchoid Water 6 3 5 86 2.2.2. Rubber Compounding Compounding process was carried out by using a laboratory two-roll mill machine model XK-160 from Shanghai Rubber-Machine Worker, China. ... the elongation at break value was higher due to strong rubber-filler interaction …
